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Archive for February, 2012

Prostate Cancer Gleason 6 – What The Gleason Scale Means

Prostate cancer is often diagnosed using an biopsy of the tissue in your prostate. The most common way is to use an ultrasound scanner to study the prostate by allowing the doctor to send a needle to take a small sample of you prostate cells. This is known to be uncomfortable, and because of this sometimes a local anaesthetic is used. Like any tests, biopsies are not always 100% accurate. If symptoms continue after a test then patients should always go back to their doctor or GP.

Once the samples of your prostate have been examined, if cancer cells are detected a grade known as the Gleason grade is given. This rates the chance of the prostate cancer spreading, with the lower the score the better.

A score of prostate cancer Gleason 6 or lower means that the cancer has a good chance of not spreading further. If this score is given, your doctor will be able to advise you on the best course of action, although the ultimate decision for treatment always rests with the patient.

A Gleason score of 7 means the cancer has a medium chance of spreading, while a score of 8 indicates there is a high chance of spreading.

With higher Gleason scores especially, if the doctor feels the chances the cancer has already spread then further tests may be required to find whether this is the case. Again the patient will always be able to make the decision as to whether they want further testing.

Larger-volume tumors of the prostate are common among older men. Available tests for the early detection of cancer have limited specificity, which necessitates a relatively high biopsy rate. The positive predictive value of combined digital rectal examination and PSA measurement has been defined, but the negative predictive value is less clear. Measurement of PSA is the most sensitive noninvasive test for prostate cancer. However, digital rectal examination detects cancer that would otherwise be missed by PSA measurement.

Clinical trials serve as one way of finding prostate cancer cures. All prostate cancer medications must take pass the three phases required to gain approval from the Food and Drug Administration.

Phase I of the clinical trials test the safety of a new drug. The second clinical phase is designed to determine how the proposed new prostate cancer treatment works. Patients are given the drug in high doses during this phase. The patients are watched to see what effect the test drug has on their prostate cancer. The final phase of clinical trial testing pits test medications against standard treatments. A control group is given dosages of the test drug while a second group uses standard methods of medicine-with the effects documented

The purpose of the trial is to test the safety and effectiveness of the technique, called high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as the initial treatment in men with newly-diagnosed, localized prostate cancer.

Undiagnosed prostate cancer is highly prevalent, especially among older men [42-49]. Although many of these cancers may be considered incidental, evidence suggests that consideration of screening is warranted because earlier diagnosis of clinically significant cancers often has the potential to improve outcome [10, 12]. In fact, prostate cancer is so common among older men that selecting subpopulations for screening on the basis of risk factors other than age, such as race or family history, would not be necessary if screening and treatment strategies that favorably affect outcome were available.

However, evidence also indicates that available tests for early detection have limited specificity, particularly among older men who have benign prostatic hyperplasia. Therefore, the combined use of digital rectal examination and the currently available assays for PSA results in as many as 15 of men in their 70s requiring further invasive evaluation with biopsy. Positive predictive values are 15, depending on age.

Prostate Cancer Statistics:

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer found in American men, other than skin cancer. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men, exceeded only by lung cancer. Although men of any age can get prostate cancer, it is found most often in men over 50. In fact, more than 70 between 1973 and 1992.
One in six American men is at lifetime risk of prostate cancer. If a close relative has prostate cancer, a man’s risk of the disease more than doubles. With two relatives, his risk increases fivefold. With three close relatives, his risk is about 97 – 50 of all new cancer cases in American men.

This year, more cases of prostate cancer in men under the age of 65 are expected than the combined number of men of ages who are victims of leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, and brain tumors.

Prostate cancer accounts for approximately 15 of male cancer deaths. Yet, on average, only about 5% of federal cancer research dollars have been devoted to beat the disease.

Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate grow out of control and they form tumors. When the prostate has many small tumors formed from these abnormal out of control cells, prostate cancer is diagnosed.

The National Cancer Institute estimates that there will be 192,280 new cases if prostate cancer and 27,360 deaths from prostate cancer in 2009 in the United States. Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer (just behind lung cancer) in men and 1 in 6 of men will be diagnosed with this type of cancer. Currently, it is estimated that 2 million men in the United States currently have prostate cancer.

Most men in the early stages of prostate cancer do not have any symptoms, however; when the disease progresses the following symptoms may appear:
A need to urinate frequently, especially at night;
Difficulty starting urination or holding back urine;
Weak or interrupted flow of urine;
Painful or burning urination;
Blood in urine or semen; or
Frequent pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs.
Due to the fact that these symptoms may also be signs of other diseases, a comprehensive work up from your family physician is vital.

The National Cancer Institutes has developed a chart which gives age ranges of men and the probability of a prostate cancer diagnosis.

Age Range Probability of Prostate Cancer

Under age 40 1 in 19,299
Age 40 59 1 in 45
Age 60-79 1 in 7

So what does this chart really mean? It means that the men in your lives need to be tested regularly for prostate cancer. Additionally, men of African decent have a 60% risk higher than Caucasian men which are the second highest racial group.

The Mayo Clinic says that there really is not much proven to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, but recommends the following MIGHT help. 1) Don’t overeat. 2) Avoid high-fat foods. 3).Make healthy choices. 4) Drink alcohol in moderation. 5) Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables. 6) Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids. 7) Eat soy products and legumes. Drink green tea.

In a study Harvard study the team of investigators found that men who ate more than 10 servings of tomato-based foods daily (such as cooked tomatoes and tomato sauce, V8 juice) had a 35 percent lower risk of developing prostate cancer.

My recipe for a great source of lycopene:

Mary Favorite Pasta Sauce
1 can low-sodium (or no sodium) tomato sauce
1 can low-sodium (or no sodium) tomato paste
1 small onion (optional)
2 cloves garlic or 1 tsp garlic powder
to tsp no sodium Cajun spice
1 tbsp Italian seasoning
tsp sugar (optional but really helps cut the acid taste)
1 tsp basil
1 tsp oregano
1 can/bottle regular not light beer of your choice (can substitute 1 cup wine or 3 cups water)
Dash of parmesan cheese for topping
Splash of olive oil
1 lb ground turkey, beef or Boca Crumbles (soy product)
Your choice of noodles (spaghetti, angle hair, etc)

Add a splash of olive oil to a pan, heat and add chopped onion and garlic.

Saut until onions are clear. Remove from pan and set aside. Add your ground turkey or beef to pan and saut until brown. Drain off all the fat from the pan that you can.

Add the tomato sauce, tomato paste, spices, beer, sugar, onion/garlic to pan (add Boca Crumbles if you are making the veggie version of this recipe). Add water if sauce is too thick. Turn to low and simmer for at least one hour or longer if possible.

Boil water with a dash of salt and olive oil (I like to add the olive oil to keep the noodles from sticking together, but I know a lot of people do not) add noodles and cook according to directions.

Serve noodles with sauce and sprinkle the top with parmesan cheese. Serve with a side of veggies (your choice) and/or good whole grain bread.

Feel free to jazz up this recipe by adding squash, bell peppers or any other veggie to the sauce. Remember to saut your added veggies with the onion and garlic.

For dessert serve lycopene rich fruits such as watermelon, papaya, apricots, or pink guava.

Sources of lycopene

Fruits/Veggies Tomatoes, watermelons, pink grapefruits, apricots, pink guavas, red bell peppers, baked beans, Asparagus

Condiments Catsup, bbq sauce, salsa, tomato soup, tomato sauce, tomato paste, tomato juice, V8 Juice, Salad dressing, Thousand Island dressing, Salad dressing, Russian dressing, Salad dressing, French dressing

Caution!!! Commercially prepared condiments may contain high amounts of sodium and sugar!! Read your labels carefully if your elder has to watch their sodium and glucose intake.

After many years of research, scientists have discovered that the foods a man chooses to eat, or not eat, can have a huge impact on the health of his prostate gland. Therefore, prostate cancer may be the most preventable type of cancer (following smoking-related lung cancers). There has recently been a large amount of research and investigation into prostate cancer. These studies examine the use of certain nutrients and their ability to prevent and actually treat prostate cancer. These nutrients include: calcium D-glucarate, selenium, broccoli, green tea, maitake, and lycopene.The prostate is a gland in the man’s reproduction system which makes and stores seminal fluid to be used in semen. The prostate gland can be found wrapping around the upper part of the urethra. Although early prostate cancer does not often cause any symptoms, many symptoms of prostate cancer are also symptoms of other prostate problems, including infection or benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostate enlargement due to age-related changes). If you or a man you know has any of the following symptoms, see a health care practitioner for evaluation: difficulty starting urination and holding back urine, inability to urinate, painful ejaculation, and/or blood in urine or semen. Age is the biggest factor associated with prostate cancer as most prostate cancers occur in men over the age of 65. If a man’s father or brother has the disease, his risk for developing prostate cancer becomes higher. African-Americans are at a higher risk, along with mechanics, farmers, sheet metal workers, and those exposed to cadmium. Prostate cancer is ordinarily diagnosed through a digital rectal exam, in which a doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum and feels the prostate through the rectal wall, checking for hard or lumpy areas. Blood tests for prostate-specific antigens (PSA) are also used. This consists of a lab measuring the levels of prostate-specific antigens in a blood sample as the level may rise in men who have prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or an infection in the prostate. However, these tests will only determine if there is a problem with the man’s prostate gland. They can not determine if the problem is cancer. A biopsy is needed to reveal the presence of actual prostate cancer. The prostate health nutrients, calcium D-glucarate, selenium, broccoli, green tea, maitake, Saw Palmetto, and lycopene, each can help to prevent and treat prostate cancer. Some of these help men’s bodies work more effectively some keep cancer cells from growing, and others actually kill prostate cancer cells. Each day we are exposed to cancer-causing chemicals and toxins coming in part from contaminants in the food we eat and pollutants in the air we breathe. Natural toxins, which are produced in our bodies, can be produced through excess hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, and can cause cancer when they are no longer needed. Cancer-causing chemicals initiate cancer, but more importantly can cause existing cancers to grow bigger, stronger, and more deadly. Toxins are bound in the liver to a chemical called glucoronic acid. Research has discovered that an increase in glucuronidase activity in the body is linked with prostate cancer. Calcium D-glucarate assists our bodies in keeping harmful toxins and chemicals bound to glucuronic acid. It has also been shown to stop prostate cancer growth and help rid the body of toxic chemicals and excess hormones that could stimulate cancer formation.Selenium is an essential trace mineral found in the soil. It exists in plant foods like oatmeal and meats that we eat. Selenium is a major antioxidant. It slows down aging, keeps our skin flexible, and helps prevent dandruff. Selenium also keeps our blood vessels healthy and protects us from heart disease. But, some of selenium’s most powerful effects are on the prostate gland. A recent study showed that selenium can cut the rate of prostate cancer by 63%. The results of this study were so impressive that it has led to many other studies of selenium and prostate cancer. In fact, researchers at the Arizona Cancer Center and the Arizona College of Public Health in Tucson are currently studying the effect of selenium on prostate cancer in four ongoing clinical trials.For many years, scientists have observed that those who eat broccoli have been shown to have a lower risk of getting prostate cancer. The sulforaphane found in broccoli increases certain enzymes in the body which deactivate cancer-causing chemicals. Many lab experiments have showed that prostate cancer cells exposed to sulforaphane ceased to grow by up to 80 percent.A potent plant substance found in green tea, EGCG, has been demonstrated to be a very effective killer of prostate cancer cells. EGCG can stop the growth of prostate cancer dead in its tracks. Red wine and cruciferous vegetables, which are known cancer killers, have the same chemical structure as EGCG. Maitake mushrooms, also called dancing mushrooms, contain an important compound called D-fraction. A recent study at New York Medical College showed that maitake D-fraction destroyed 95% of human prostate cancer cells in lab experiments.Saw Palmetto is normally consumed in pill or tincture form. The saw palmetto berry contains all the phytonutrients and active sterols that help control the size of your prostate. In men, testosterone is a natural occurring hormone that as a man age their testosterone converts to DHT. DHT is the cause of male pattern baldness and is the reason most men get enlarged prostate which leads to prostate cancer. Saw palmetto’s active constituents seek out the same receptor sites DHT sits on in tissue and can displace DHT. Slowing the growth of the prostate and or shrinking the prostate allowing better urine flow. Lycopene is involved in some of the most exciting nutritional news in relation to prostate health. This carotenoid is mainly found in tomatoes. Men who eat lots of cooked tomatoes have very low rates of prostate cancer. Because promising preliminary reports show that lycopene can actually kill prostate cancer cells, there has been an explosion of lycopene and prostate cancer studies. In one of these studies, 32 prostate cancer patients ate a pasta meal covered with three-fourths cup of tomato sauce every day for three weeks. Results showed their PSA levels dropped two points. Even signs of DNA damage dropped sharply. Although you can purchase each one of these nutrients and take them separately, all of these nutrients are available in prostate health formulas. Be sure the formula you buy contains calcium d-glucarate, saw palmetto, lycopene, selenium, broccoli standardized to contain a minimum of 125 mcg sulforaphane, green tea, and maitake mushroom extract because standardized ingredients provide consistently effective nutrients. Along with this, adopting a healthy diet including 5-9 servings of fruits and vegetables daily and several servings of whole grain cereals and bread, reducing red meat consumption to 2-3 servings per week and adding tomato-based foods can help to protect men from prostate cancer. Those men who are 50 years and older should have a digital rectal exam and PSA test each year. Make sure to discuss with your health care professional to determine how frequently these tests should be done.

Prostate Cancer – What You Don’t Know Might Kill You!

Here’s the one fact that all men need to understand:
Early prostate cancer detection is the difference between living and dying as far as prostate cancer is concerned.

Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you know that cancer is one of the leading causes of death. What you may not have realized is that cancer is the second leading cause of death for men and prostate cancer is a very major contributor.

The reason for this is that prostate cancer can expand beyond the prostate gland and travel to other parts of the body. So a highly treatable cancer in the prostate is ignored and kill it grows into other parts of the body and becomes much more deadly.

The sad part is that doctors are able to detect prostate cancer in its very early stages. To complicate matters however, there are a few symptoms that are directly associated with prostate cancer alone. This in turn causes many men to simply ignore common symptoms until prostate cancer grows beyond the gland and becomes a seriously life threatening cancer.

The good news is that this disease is a slow progressive type of cancer while still localized in the prostate. A person can have prostate cancer for years and not know it if they don’t undergo several very simple diagnostic tests. These tests become even more important, as you age. Men with no family history of prostate cancer should be tested yearly. Black men and those with a family member who has had prostate cancer should consider annual testing at age 40.

Prostate cancer screening tests are simple and inexpensive.

+Digital Rectal Examination
+PSA Blood test. Measures levels of Prostate-Specific Antigen a key prostate cancer marker.

Your chance of survival and cure is directly related to early detection, diagnosis and treatment. Consistent testing will dramatically increase the chances of early detection before it becomes serious.

Another benefit of early detection is that the treatment options are much less radical. Earlier treatment methods are much more successful in not only curing prostate cancer but also limiting the complications and side effects of more aggressive treatment options.

If you haven’t been insisting on a prostate exam and blood test for prostate cancer indicators, you owe it to yourself and your family to start now. Don’t make the mistake of assuming symptoms may be simply due to your age. Prostate cancer is a serious illness that needs to be identified as soon as possible.

So at your next annual physical, make certain that basic prostate cancer screening tests are done. This is one of the key ways that you can make certain you life cancer free as long as possible.

Prostate health is one of the most important aspects of a mans health and is something that should be treated with a balanced diet your whole life. Prostate cancer is VERY serious and will kill you if not diagnosed early and treated.

Prostate cancer is a condition where prostate cells grow exponentially and out of control. It is the most common cancer associated with men, and can lead to many complications, one rather large one being that you die.

Since this cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in men, every man should consider trying to improve the health of this vital gland naturally through diet and supplements. The idea of eating for a healthy heart is now medically accepted but the concept of eating for a healthy prostate is revolutionary.

Afflictions of the prostate are most commonly found in developed countries whose dietary habits focus on red meat and dairy products. Eastern males eat many more yellow, orange, red and green vegetables (such as red, yellow and green peppers, broccoli, spinach, etc.

A recent Harvard study, among others, found that diets high in lycopene-rich tomatoes, tomato products and other lycopene-rich sources have been shown to be associated with a lowered risk of developing prostate cancer.

Dietary fiber derived from beans, lentils and peas in high quantities have been associated with decreasing prostate cancer risks while promoting prostate health. The main component associated with prostate cancer is fat.

A diet low in animal meat may decrease your risk for developing prostate and other cancers. Maintaining a healthy prostate is easy enough these days with all of the dietary supplements and herbal pills now available.

Each year thousands of men are treated for inflamed prostates, in most cases those cases of prostatitis could have been prevented with the help of supplements for prostate health. Supplements for prostate health are not meant to cure disorders, but they can help strengthen a man’s resistance against these conditions.

Most supplements for prostate health are found in ordinary natural foods that people can easily get their hands on. Herbal remedies have long been found effective as supplements for prostate health.

In the past few years, supplements for prostate health have been made available to help men minimize their chances of developing any of these disorders. Even though these supplements cannot cure cancer, they can help in developing the defenses of men against prostate disorders. In fact, a range of dietary supplements and herbal medicines offers new ways to prevent or treat prostate disease, and cancer in general.

Health is simply nothing to ignore and finally you dont have to. Prostate health is one of the most important concerns for men, and each man should have a yearly check of their prostate health after a certain age.

Natural health is the best choice that many men are making today to ensure their health, since natural health is about taking care of your body as a whole. Prostacet is a super prostate formula and the best supplement to give your body all that it needs to help you in reducing your risk for prostate cancer.

The commonest form of cancer in the United States today is skin cancer but, to many people’s surprise, prostate cancer is the second most frequently seen type of cancer and results in some 30,000 deaths each year. So just what is prostate cancer?

The human body starts its life as a single cell which divides repeatedly to form new cells. As cell division continues so the newly created cells, acting as the building blocks of the human body, form themselves into walls of tissue creating the various parts that we recognize as the human body. This is not however the end of the process as, throughout our lives, our bodies change constantly with old cells wearing out and dying and other newer cells continuing the process of division to replace them.

Occasionally however this process of division does not follow the pattern that it should and a cell divides incorrectly, forming two cells which do not carry the correct information to function normally. At the same time this frequently sets off a chain reaction so that these cells in turn begin to divide, forming further faulty cells.

This, in simple terms, is the basis of all cancers and, where faulty cell division takes place in the prostate gland, then the result is prostate cancer.

The prostate gland, which is about the size of a walnut, sits between the bladder and the rectum and partially surrounds the urethra (the tube which carries urine from the bladder) and its main function is to produce and store a clear fluid which makes up about thirty percent of male semen.

Although we tend to think of cancer whenever the prostate is mentioned, there are in fact numerous other problems that can affect the prostate gland, many of which can be quite easily treated.

Prostate cancer is rarely seen in men under the age of 40 and, although cases are seen between the ages of 40 and 65, the vast majority of prostate cancer cases arise in men over the age of 65.

In many cases however the progress of the disease is slow and early stage prostate cancer often carries few if any noticeable symptoms. For this reason many men can suffer from prostate cancer for years before it is diagnosed and the average age at which diagnosis is made in the United States is currently 70.

If caught in its early stages prostate cancer can be successfully treated either by surgery or radiation therapy (radiotherapy) and, while such treatment can often leave its mark in terms of ongoing problems with urination or a degradation or loss of sexual function, the cancer will often not return.

Problems arise however if prostate cancer is more advanced at the time of diagnosis and has already spread into neighboring tissue and bone, or has been carried to other parts of the body, usually through the lymphatic system. Here a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and possibly hormone therapy can certainly help in treating the problem but the cancer will often reappear.

Perhaps the biggest problem lies in the fact that, in terms of their general health and sexual health in particular, men have traditionally suffered in silence and will only venture into the doctor’s surgery when they are at death’s door.

This fortunately is starting to change in our modern society, even if only slowly, and as an increasing number of men turn to their doctor when they first suspect that something might be wrong, rather than waiting until they know something is wrong, then perhaps the early diagnosis of prostate cancer will result in fewer deaths each year from this treatable disease.

Cervical cancer is known to cause highest number of deaths especially in women. Its often falls in the same risk segment of breast cancer that also causes death. However, with small precautions women can easily avert cervical cancer. Proper cervical vaccination is also necessary to prevent the deadly disease.

If you want to steer away from cervical cancer, go through pap smear test every year or after every three years depending on how much is the risk factor for disease. This is essential for your safety.

Indulge in safe sex. Use condoms during sexual intercourse. The most common type of sexual virus is HPV, which may lead to cervical cancer. If there is any wrong, then go for the morning after pill to protect yourself.

Multiple sexual partners can lead to increase risk of cervical cancer.

Cervical vaccination is an effective way to curb cervical cancer. The 16 and 18 strains are responsible for seventy percent of the cancers by HPV. The vaccination is an ideal way to diminish the number of cancerous cells. HPV vaccination is excellent for those women who do not indulge in sex much. The cervical vaccination can protect women up to the age of 45 years.

Avoid smoking cigarettes as it destroys bodys defense system. HPV infection stays longer in smokers than non smokers. Besides, smoking can also lead to other diseases as well.

Consumption of broccoli and cauliflower is useful in eliminating cells that are infected with HPV. The method is very useful and natural for prevention of cervical cancer.

Enhance your knowledge on cervical cancer, browse through the internet, read newspapers, health magazines, journals and know more about it. The more you know more it will help understand the disease well and prevent it. You can also help out your friends and relatives, who are unaware of cervical cancer.

Personal trainers NYC Say Cancer to be Deadly Workout Best Personal trainer NYC!

When cells in the liver become abnormal, grow out of control, and form a cancerous tumor, the disease is called primary liver. Primary liver cancer is also called malignant hepatoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Primary liver is not the same disease as cancer that spreads (metastasizes) to the liver from another part of the body (secondary liver). The liver is often the site of secondary tumors that result from the spread of cancer from another organ, such as the colon or breast. When spreads, the cancer cells in the secondary tumor are like those of the original cancer. This original cancer is called the primary cancer, and is named for the part of the body in which it began. When the disease spreads, it keeps the name of the primary cancer. Thus, cancer that begins in the colon or breast and spreads to the liver is called metastatic colon cancer or metastatic breast cancer.Possible Causes of Liver CancerPersonal trainers NYC say In the United States, primary liver cancer is uncommon. About 5,000 new cases are diagnosed in this country each year, accounting for less than 1/2 of 1 percent of all cancers. Personal training NYC In other parts of the world, however, primary liver cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and causes more deaths than any other type of cancer. Worldwide, this disease is a major health problem. Rates are highest in Asia and Africa and are believed to be related to infection with the hepatitis-B virus (HBV). Personal trainer NYC scientists estimate that 10 to 20 percent of people infected with HBV will develop liver cancer. Infection with this virus is common in developing countries. Many infants are infected with HBV at birth because of the high rate of infection among women of childbearing age. This is an important factor because scientists feel that the longer one has been infected with the virus, the greater the likelihood of developing liver cancer. Evidence of HBV infection is also found in nearly one-fourth of Americans with liver cancer. The use of a vaccine against HBV is recommended to protect health care workers and others who are often exposed to this virus. Researchers have found that people with certain other liver diseases have a higher-than-average chance of developing primary liver cancer. For example, about 5 percent of people diagnosed as having cirrhosis of the liver (a progressive disorder that leads to scarring of the liver) eventually develop liver cancer. However, it has not been determined that cirrhosis is actually a precancerous condition; some research suggests that lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption and malnutrition, cause both cirrhosis and liver cancer. Aflatoxins, a group of chemicals produced by a mold that sometimes contaminates certain foods–such as peanuts, grains, and seeds–are known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents) for liver cancer. As a precautionary measure, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration monitors the safety and quality of these foods and products that contain them. If such foods become moldy after they are purchased, they should be discarded. Vinyl chloride, an industrial gas used mainly in the manufacture of plastics and formerly used as an aerosol propellant, has been identified as a cause of angiosarcoma, another form of liver cancer. This rare type of cancer also has been found in workers exposed to the x-ray contrast material Thorotrast (no longer in use). There also have been reports of angiosarcomas in people who have taken anabolic steroids and birth control pills, although this is a very rare occurrence.Symptoms of Liver Cancer Liver cancer is difficult to detect in an early stage because its first symptoms usually are vague. As with other types of cancer, this disease can cause a general feeling of poor health. Liver cancer can lead to loss of appetite, weight loss, fever, fatigue, and weakness. As the tumor grows, patients may have pain that begins in the upper abdomen on the right side and reaches into the back and shoulder. Some patients can feel a mass in the upper abdomen. Liver cancer can also lead to abdominal swelling and a feeling of fullness or bloating. Patients may have episodes of fever and nausea. Some patients develop jaundice, a condition in which the skin and the whites of the eyes become yellow, and the urine may become dark. Symptoms such as these can be caused by primary or secondary cancer in the liver, by a benign (noncancerous) liver tumors or by other conditions. Symptoms should be reported to the doctor so a diagnosis can be made.http://www.hardbodiespersonaltraining.com

OVARIAN CANCER TREATMENT IN INDIA AT MUMBAI AT LOW PRICE

It is a disease produced by the rapid growth and division of cells within one or both ovaries-reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, and the female sex hormones are made. The ovaries contain cells that, under normal circumstances, reproduce to maintain tissue health. When growth control is lost and cells divide too much and too fast, a cellular mass or tumor is formed. If the tumor is confined to a few cell layers, for example, surface cells, and it does not invade surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered benign. If the tumor spreads to surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered malignant, or cancerous. When cancerous cells break away from the original tumor, travel through the blood or lymphatic vessels, and grow within other parts of the body, the process is known as metastasis. Ovarian cancer is not a single disease. There are actually more than 30 types and subtypes of ovarian malignancies, each with its own histopathologic (diseased tissue) appearance and biologic behavior. Causes of OVARIAN CANCERThe exact cause of ovarian cancer isn’t known. It’s more common in women who live in developed countries. Other factors that are thought to make ovarian cancer more likely include: a family history of ovarian cancer – women who have two or more close relatives (mother, sister or daughter) with ovarian cancer are more at risk. having a non-cancerous condition called endometriosis. starting your period early and having the menopause late.More research is needed to find out whether the risk of ovarian cancer is increased by : – having fertility treatment. having hormone replacement therapy (HRT). being overweight or obese.Studies have shown that ovarian cancer may be less common in women who : – have used the contraceptive pill. have had children. have breastfed their children. have had a hysterectomy. Symptoms of Ovarian CancerMost women with early-stage cancer of the ovary don’t have any symptoms for a long time. When symptoms occur they may include any of the following : -1. loss of appetite.2. vague indigestion, nausea, excess gas (wind) and a bloated, full feeling.3. unexplained weight gain.4. swelling in the abdomen – this may be due to a build up of fluid, known as ascites, which can cause shortness of breath.5. pain in the lower abdomen.6. changes in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation, diarrhoea or needing to pass urine more often.7. lower back pain.8. pain during sex.9. abnormal vaginal bleeding, although this is rare.DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN CANCER1. Pelvic exam (for Ovarian Cancer) includes feeling the uterus, vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, and rectum to find any abnormality in their shape or size. (A Pap test, a good test for cancer of the cervix, is often done along with the pelvic exam, but it is not a reliable way to find or diagnose ovarian cancer.)2. Ultrasound refers to the use of high-frequency sound waves. These waves, which cannot be heard by humans, are aimed at the ovaries. The pattern of the echoes they produce creates a picture called a sonogram. Healthy tissues, fluid-filled cysts, and tumors look different on this picture.3. CA-125 assay (for Ovarian Cancer) is a blood test used to measure the level of CA-125, a tumor marker that is often found in higher-than-normal amounts in the blood of women with ovarian cancer.4. Lower GI series, or barium enema, is a series of x-rays of the colon and rectum. The pictures are taken after the patient is given an enema with a white, chalky solution containing barium. The barium outlines the colon and rectum on the x-ray, making tumors or other abnormal areas easier to see.5. CT (or CAT) scan is a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine.6. Biopsy is the removal of tissue for examination under a microscope. A pathologist studies the tissue to make a diagnosis . To obtain the tissue, the surgeon performs a laparotomy (an operation to open the abdomen). If cancer is suspected, the surgeon performs an oophorectomy (removal of the entire ovary). This is important because, if cancer is present, removing just a sample of tissue by cutting through the outer layer of the ovary could allow cancer cells to escape and cause the disease to spread.7. If the diagnosis is ovarian cancer, the doctor will want to learn the stage (or extent) of disease. Staging is a careful attempt to find out whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to what parts of the body. Staging may involve surgery, x-rays and other imaging procedures, and lab tests. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan treatment.TREATMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER in IndiaTreatment There are three main forms of treatment for ovarian cancer offered in India : -1. Surgery to remove cancerous tissue.2. Chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells using strong anti-cancer drugs. 3. Radiotherapy to destroy cancer cells by high-energy radiation exposure.There are also many combinations of these treatment methods and it is usually worthwhile to get a second opinion about treatment before entering into a specific program. Treatment depends upon a number of factors (e.g., stage and grade of the disease, the histopathologic type, and the patient’s age and overall health). Surgery for Ovarian Cancer in IndiaSurgery usually is required to treat ovarian cancer. Most patients undergo surgery in addition to another form of treatment (e.g., chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy). Surgery helps the physician to accurately stage the tumor, make a diagnosis, and perform debulking (removal of as much tumor mass as possible). Debulking surgery is especially important in ovarian cancer because aggressive removal of cancerous tissue is associated with improved survival. Patients with no residual tumor mass, or tumor masses that measure less than 1 cm, have the best opportunity for cure. The surgeon usually performs a laparotomy (through an abdominal incision) or laparoscopy (using a tube containing a light and camera that is inserted into the pelvic cavity through a small incision). A sample of the tumor (called a frozen section) is examined immediately under a microscope to confirm ovarian cancer and rule out metastasis from another site. If the cancer is a metastasis from another organ, the surgeon searches for the primary tumor within the abdominal cavity. Once ovarian cancer is confirmed, a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus [womb], bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries on both sides), omentectomy (removal of the fatty tissue that covers the bowels), lymphadenectomy (removal of one or more lymph nodes) may be performed. Tissue removed during debulking is sent for histopathological examination. Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer in India Chemotherapy involves using drugs to destroy cancer cells. Many of these drugs destroy cancer cells by preventing them from growing and dividing rapidly. Unfortunately, many normal cells also divide rapidly and are damaged by chemotherapy. Radiation for Ovarian Cancer in India Radiotherapy may be used to kill cancer cells from a cyst that ruptures during surgical removal of an ovary, or it may be used to treat certain patients who appear cancer-free or who have only microscopic evidence of disease at second-look surgery. It is historically the treatment of choice for germ cell tumors known as dysgerminomas. However, recently it has been found that chemotherapy can cure a percentage of such patients. PLEASE LOG ON TO: http://indiahospitaltour.com/cancer-treatment/ovarian-cancer-treatment-india.htmlEmail us : info@wecareindia.com